Poultry Farm Ventilation System
One of the important and integral parts of poultry houses is the air conditioning system. The function of ventilation in poultry houses is to provide fresh air, which is essential for maintaining the life of poultry. Also, proper ventilation helps to drastically reduce temperature, humidity, and air pollution to a level suitable for chickens and birds. In fact, using a ventilation system in poultry houses is essential and necessary, and not using it even for a few hours will have irreparable consequences on the flock and cause them to die. It is the ventilation of poultry houses that has made it possible to have a large number of birds and poultry in a closed environment. Therefore, controlling environmental factors such as humidity, temperature, and oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in poultry farming, whether in traditional poultry houses or in industrial poultry houses, is very important economically because the cost of very large buildings, production and labor costs are reduced. A proper air conditioning system eliminates excess heat, humidity, dust, and odors in the shed, and at the same time reduces pathogenic bacteria transmitted through the air. Proper ventilation for poultry houses is an art because the conditions of poultry farms are constantly changing and require proper ventilation according to the time of day, season, temperature, humidity, wind, age of birds and population density. Below we have explained the principles of ventilation, types of poultry house ventilation, ventilation of poultry houses in winter and summer, as well as technical and minimal ventilation of poultry houses, etc.
Ventilation Principles
If fresh air is not replaced in a completely closed poultry house, the concentration of air compounds will change. The concentration of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide and ammonia will increase to unacceptable levels. Since the ventilation system exchanges fresh air in the house, it brings in the oxygen needed for the health and survival of the birds and removes harmful gases and unpleasant odors resulting from respiration and decomposition of excrement. A ventilation system should be used to eliminate excess humidity in the house.
In general, in order to:
Provide the desired temperature
Provide humidity
Provide oxygen and air needed by the poultry
Release bad smelling and harmful gases from the poultry house
Ventilation systems are used. At Arian Manufacturing Industries, we offer fans, cellulose pads, foggers, and tunnel ventilation shutter systems to our customers.
The Importance of Ventilation Systems
The Importance of Providing Proper Temperature in Poultry Farms:
The most important goal of ventilation in poultry farms is to control the temperature of the house. Birds need a desirable temperature range or interval at each stage of their growth so that they can convert the energy in the feed into growth with the best efficiency.
Type of bird
Age (weeks)
Room temperature (Celsius)
Chicken
1
31-33
Chicken
2
28-30
Chicken
3
24-27
Chicken
4
21-23
Chicken
5
20-22
Chicken
6
18-20
Chicken
7
18-20
Chicken
8
18-20
Chicken
8 to 22 weeks old
15-18
Chicken
Over 22 weeks
15-18
Importance of humidity in poultry farms:
Birds also excrete moisture through excrement and respiration, which causes the litter to become damp and cause many problems. One of the important goals of ventilation in poultry farms, especially in winter, is to remove excess moisture from the house and prevent the formation of caked and damp litter. During some days of the year, especially in the cold season, a minimum amount of ventilation is necessary to prevent damp litter and problems related to ammonia accumulation. Because ammonia accumulation causes many problems in poultry farms.
Importance of providing sufficient oxygen in poultry farms:
Birds are aerobic organisms and need oxygen to digest food and absorb the energy contained in the feed, as a result of which their oxygen consumption is high. Therefore, fresh and pleasant air with sufficient oxygen should always be available to them. This means that they need sufficient oxygen to break down the organic molecules in the feed and extract the energy contained in the feed. Therefore, providing fresh air regularly is one of the important goals of ventilation to provide the necessary oxygen in poultry farms.
Importance of removing toxic gases from the poultry house:
Another purpose of ventilation in the poultry house is to provide fresh air and remove harmful gases, especially carbon dioxide and ammonia. Carbon dioxide gas is a product of poultry respiration, and its concentration increases inside the poultry house. Ammonia gas is emitted from high-humidity bedding and causes damage to the flock and reduces the performance of the birds. These gases severely reduce the performance and growth mechanism of the birds and cause damage and heavy losses. Therefore, it is very necessary to remove these gases in the poultry house.
Ventilation of the poultry house in winter
Ventilation of the poultry house in winter is very important; you should note that the volume of air entering the poultry house in winter is less than in warm seasons such as summer or spring because the outside air is cold. You can easily check the ventilation values in winter in the table below.
Ventilation of the poultry house in summer
Just as low temperatures are harmful to poultry, high temperatures also endanger the health of poultry. Poultry houses use various fans to ventilate and lower the temperature in order to prevent the temperature from rising. It should be kept in mind that the pad and cooling system alone is not enough and for summer, fans should also be used to ventilate the poultry house. In fact, fans create negative pressure and cool the air through these pads, which lowers the temperature in the poultry house during the hot season.
Types of Poultry Farm Ventilation
Ventilation of poultry houses can be done in different ways, each of which is explained below:
Transverse ventilation of poultry houses: In the transverse ventilation system of poultry houses, all fans and air vents are installed on the longitudinal wall of the poultry house, and in this way, ventilation is done across the hall. The transverse ventilation system is suitable for halls with a width of 8 to 12 meters. If the width of the poultry house is greater than this, the hall will not be fully ventilated. It is worth noting that in transverse ventilation, the fans are not installed opposite each other. Because in this case, a blind spot will be created and the air in the blind spots will not be ventilated and the temperature will not be regulated uniformly in the hall. In this situation, there is a possibility of poultry gathering and crowding in different parts of the hall.
Longitudinal ventilation of poultry houses: In longitudinal ventilation of poultry houses, the vents are installed at the end of the longitudinal wall of the house and the ventilation fans are installed at the other width and end of the house. Hence, the ventilation flows along the length of the house. In the design of longitudinal ventilation, the distance between the ventilators and the vents of the house should not be more than 60 meters. It should be noted that in some cases, the ventilation system is implemented as a combination of longitudinal and transverse ventilation.
Ceiling ventilation of poultry houses: In ceiling ventilation, as the name suggests, fans and vents are installed in the ceiling of the house. Since hot air moves upwards inside the house, in this ceiling ventilation method, air always flows from bottom to top, thus providing ventilation. Ceiling ventilation is suitable for houses with a width of more than 12 meters and houses located in very cold or very hot areas.
Ventilation from the floor of the poultry house: In this system, channels are initially created in the floor of the hall and holes are placed on them. Nets are placed on these holes and fans are installed at the end of the channel. The floor ventilation system can be implemented for all types of halls with different climates. This type of ventilation system ventilates the air flow inside the hall by sucking air from the floor and removing it from the channel. To improve and increase the effectiveness of the floor ventilation system, where poultry are concentrated, holes are placed under the feeders and waterers.
Arian Manufacturing Industries Ventilation System Equipment
1. Ventilator:
For the efficient operation of poultry farms, the use of ventilators is essential because it increases the efficiency and productivity of poultry farms and broiler breeding centers and helps reduce the cost of keeping poultry. Ventilators are manufactured by Arian Manufacturing Industries itself, and one of their most obvious advantages is that the damper is opened by a centrifugal system, which means that no external forces are used to keep the damper open, because the centrifugal force generated by the weights built into this system causes the damper to open after the impeller reaches a speed of 90 rpm.
2. Cellulose Pad:
Cellulose pad is one of the products of Arian Industries for ventilation of poultry houses, which is used to cool and provide relative humidity in the house in hot seasons and prevent heat stress in the flock. Cellulose pad can reduce the temperature of the house by up to 10 degrees Celsius in humid areas, which is very high in dry areas and can reduce the air temperature by up to 16 degrees Celsius.
3. Fogger:
The basic working principle of the fogger system is that it consists of a high-pressure pump and a number of nozzles (fogger) that transform water into millions of particles smaller than the diameter of a human hair, about 5 to 15 microns. These tiny particles evaporate quickly when they come into contact with the air, which cools the room and increases unsaturated humidity.
4. Tunnel ventilation system (shutter):
A tunnel ventilation system (shutter) is used to regulate the amount of air entering the hall, as well as to direct the air entering the hall towards the ceiling. Tunnel ventilation of the poultry hall is mostly used in areas where the air temperature is high. Tunnel ventilation is such that the fans are placed on one side of the transverse wall and the aerators are placed on the other side of the transverse wall. The advantage of tunnel ventilation is that dusty and humid air passes through at a speed of 4.2 meters per second. This causes the air to circulate and pass through the birds and cool them. Considering the angle of the air entering from the vents and the accumulation of hot air at the top of the hall and near the ceiling of the hall, the shutter can provide ideal conditions in the poultry hall by uniforming the air in the hall and directing the air towards the ceiling. Shutters are usually used in the hot seasons of the year, which is why they are also called summer ventilation vents.
1- Minimum ventilation (Ainimum / winter ventilation):
In minimum ventilation, which is used in cold weather or at the beginning of the poultry farming period, the main goal is to bring fresh air into the poultry house and remove excess moisture, harmful gases (carbon dioxide, ammonia, etc.), dust from the house with the least possible ventilation. In this type of ventilation, the incoming air should not directly hit the bird.
2- Intermediate / transition ventilation:
Transition ventilation begins when the bird is larger and the outside air is warmer. The temperature inside the house should not increase and the excess heat needs to be removed outside the house.
3- Tunnel ventilation:
In tunnel ventilation of poultry houses, tunnel ventilators are placed at one end of the poultry house and tunnel aerators are placed at the other end of the house. Tunnel ventilation is mostly used in hot weather where, in addition to air exchange, an appropriate air flow velocity must be created.
Broiler Breeding Bed Management
Improper bed management increases the ammonia in the house and we need more ventilation to remove excess ammonia.
More fuel is consumed to heat the house up to 2% more
Wet bed due to improper ventilation, improper management of poultry house drinkers
The imbalance in the nutrients in the chicken diet (sodium and amino acids) is high flock density. When cold air enters the house with warm and humid air, it causes droplets to form. One of the main goals of ventilation in cold weather is to remove moisture from the bed (caused by excrement). Given that cold air has a lower ability to retain moisture (humidity), it cannot remove enough moisture from the bed and over time the moisture in the bed will become excessive.
The types of poultry ventilation system equipment available or produced in Arian Manufacturing Industries are of the highest quality, so you can entrust the equipment of your poultry house and poultry farming project from zero to one hundred to Arian Manufacturing Industries with complete confidence.